Your question is not easy to answer. Is there a version of X-Plane with Vulkan that the TBM will work in? Yes. 11.50 beta. Is it "officially" supported under a beta of X-Plane? No. Vulkan is new to 11.50, and it won't work for everyone due to the enormous amount of system configurations out there (including software) that could conflict with a beta copy of X-Plane, on top of issues with X-Plane beta itself. We're now into our 6th version of the beta due to the bugs that were present in the last 5 versions.
AMD drivers are notoriously unreliable. We're seeing more problems with AMD/Radeon GPU's than Nvidia GPU's. However, these are more annoyances than problems, with a very small minority not being able to run the TBM at all. This minority represents, literally, less than 1% of our customer base.
Example: I have a Mac and I'm running a 5700XT, and seeing no problems on my end when using 11.50. (Other than the custom rain effects and AoA indicator not working.). But I also have very few plugins installed. Other people, like yourself, are having far more serious problems.
So, to answer your question on Vulkan support. Yes, the TBM will run under Vulkan. It has ever since the first beta came out. If it wasn't compatible, 100% of the people who have the TBM won't be able to run it, and that simply isn't the case. The few people that are having issues with it are submitting logs, just as you have, and we're looking into getting the problem fixed as soon as possible.